Communication Engineering

Course Code: 1333201
Institution: Gujarat Technological University (GTU)
Curriculum: Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2021 (COGC-2021)
Semester: III

Diploma Programme	Semester
Information and Communication Technology Engineering	3rd Semester

1. RATIONALE

Students of diploma Information and Communication Technology Engineering need to have a thorough understanding of fundamental concepts of Communication Engineering. Diploma students undertaking this course are expected to apply the fundamentals of basic electronic communication system to analyze the different communication (Modulation and Demodulation) methods with its techniques, various antenna for specific application this basic course develop skills required to learn communication to meet the expectations of the industry.

2. COMPETENCY

The purpose of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified competency through various teaching learning experiences:

● Maintain Electronic Communication Systems.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge and the relevant soft skills associated with this competency are to be developed in the student to display the following COs:

a) Understand various analog modulation methods
b) Describe different analog receivers
c) Understand sampling theory and waveforms coding techniques and distinguish various signals
d) Identify line coding and multiplexing techniques for various applications
e) Use relevant type of antenna for various applications

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching Scheme (Hours)			Total Credits	Examination Scheme (Marks)				Total
L	T	P	C (L+T+P/2)	Theory CA	Theory ESE	Practical CA	Practical ESE	Total Marks
3	0	2	4	30	70	25	25	150

(*): Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for the attainment of the COs .

Legends: L -Lecture; T - Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C - Credit, CA -Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.

5. SUGGESTED PRACTICAL EXERCISES

The following practical outcomes (PrOs) that are the sub-components of the COs. Some of the PrOs marked '*' are compulsory, as they are crucial for that particular CO at the 'Precision Level' of Dave's Taxonomy related to 'Psychomotor Domain' .

S. No.	Practical Outcomes (PrOs)	Unit No.	Approx. Hrs.
1	Identify and observe different analog and digital signals in time domain and frequency domain using simulator or VLab	I	2*
2	Measure amplitude of different sinusoidal frequency signals in frequency domain using Spectrum Analyzer	I	2
3	Measure modulation index of an AM envelope	I	2*
4	Determine Modulation Index of Frequency Modulated wave	I	2*
5	Locate various sections of AM radio receiver trainer kit and draw the waveforms at input and output side of each section	II	2*
6	Locate various sections of FM radio receiver trainer kit and draw the waveforms at input and output side of each section	II	2*
7	Check the demodulated AM signal waveform using Envelope detector and draw its input output waveform	II	2
8	Check the demodulated FM signal waveform using Detector and draw its input output waveform	II	2
9	Demonstration of fault finding of AM or FM radio receivers	II	2
10	Obtain the response of AGC circuit of the radio receiver	II	2
11	Based on the sampling frequency, reconstruct the signal	III	2*
12	Check the performance PCM system for various sinusoidal signals	IV	2*
13	Check the performance of PAM system	III	2*
14	Check the performance of PWM system	III	2
15	Check the performance of PPM system	III	2
16	Simulate AM, FM and SSB signal using Simulation software	I	2*
17	Plot the radiation pattern of an Omni-directional antenna (Polar plot on log/linear scales & Cartesian plot on log/linear scales)	V	2
18	Check radiation pattern of folded dipole antenna	V	2*
19	Check the radiation pattern of parabolic reflector antenna	V	2
Total			38

Note

i. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a suggestive list.
ii. The following are some sample 'Process' and 'Product' related skills (more may be added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises of this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.

S. No.	Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs	Weightage (%)
1	Prepare experimental setup	20
2	Operate the equipment setup or circuit	20
3	Follow safe practice measures	10
4	Record observations correctly	20
5	Interpret the result and conclude	30
Total		100

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

This major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the administrators to usher in uniformity of practical's in all institutions across the state.

S. No.	Equipment Name with Broad Specifications	PrO. No.
1	RF Signal Generator (10Hz to 100MHz)	2-14
2	Audio Oscillator (20Hz to 20KHz)	2-12
3	CRO 2/3/4 channel (25-100MHz)	2-6, 9, 10, 13-16
4	Spectrum Analyzer	2, 4, 6-8
5	Digital Multimeter (3-1/2 display)	5, 12
6	AC Mill voltmeter	5, 12
7	Digital Storage oscilloscope	2-6, 9, 10, 13-16
8	Pulse generator	15-16
9	Trainer Board for different Communication Mod-Demod Techniques	2-16
10	Antenna Trainer Kit	17-19

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the above mentioned COs and PrOs. More could be added to fulfill the development of this competency.

a) Work as a leader/a team member
b) Follow safety practices while using electrical appliances
c) Practice environment friendly methods and processes (Environment related)

The ADOs are best developed through the laboratory/field based exercises. Moreover, the level of achievement of the ADOs according to Krathwohl's 'Affective Domain Taxonomy' should gradually increase as planned below:

i. 'Valuing Level' in 1st year
ii. 'Organization Level' in 2nd year
iii. 'Characterization Level' in 3rd year

8. UNDERPINNING THEORY

Only the major Underpinning Theory is formulated as higher level UOs of Revised Bloom's taxonomy in order development of the COs and competency is not missed out by the students and teachers. If required, more such higher level UOs could be included by the course teacher to focus on attainment of COs and competency.

Unit	Unit Outcomes (UOs) - 4 to 6 UOs at Application and above level	Topics and Sub-topics
Unit-I: Analog Modulation Techniques	1a. Describe communication system 1b. Define modulation and its need 1c. Show mathematical expression for Double Sideband Full Carrier (DSBFC) Amplitude Modulation (AM) signal 1d. Sketch the frequency spectrum of the DSBFC and SSBSC Amplitude Modulated wave 1e. Show the mathematical relation between carrier power, modulated signal power and modulation index 1f. Define Frequency modulation with relevant sketches 1g. Define Phase modulation with relevant sketches	1.1 Block diagram of Analog and Digital communication system 1.2 Modulation: Definition & its classification based on analog & pulse signal as carrier 1.3 Mathematical Expression 1.4 Draw waveform, frequency spectrum for DSBFC and SSBSC Amplitude Modulated wave 1.5 Modulation Index, carrier power, modulated signal power and modulation index and Power saving in SSB 1.6 Mathematical representation of FM wave Modulation index and Bandwidth of FM and Show waveforms, Frequency spectrum 1.7 Definition of phase modulation 1.8 Compare AM and FM
Unit-II: Analog Receivers	2a. Define the characteristics of radio receiver 2b. Describe the functions of each block of super heterodyne receiver 2c. Describe AM detection method 2d. Explain functions of various blocks of FM receiver 2e. Explain working of FM demodulations	2.1 Characteristic of radio receiver, Sensitivity, Selectivity, Fidelity, Image frequency rejection 2.2 Block diagram and working of super heterodyne receiver, IF selection, Image frequency 2.3 Envelope detector using diode 2.4 Block diagram of basic FM receiver 2.5 Principal of FM demodulators
Unit-III: Pulse Modulation Techniques & Sampling Theory	3a. Represent Sinusoidal, Rectangular, Saw-tooth, Impulse and Pulse waveform 3b. State the need of sampling theorem 3c. Describe the Nyquist criteria 3d. Effect of Sampling rate 3e. Explain sampling techniques 3f. Define the following: quantization step-size, resolution, uniform and non-uniform-quantizer, Quantization noise, Companding 3g. Explain PAM, PWM and PPM signals with definition and waveform	3.1 Signals and its representation: analog and digital Signal, Pulse, Impulse, Saw-tooth, sinusoidal and rectangular (In Time & frequency domain) 3.2 Statement of sampling theorem 3.3 Nyquist rate and interval 3.4 Aliasing error, under sampling, over sampling and critical sampling 3.5 Ideal, Natural and flat top sampling 3.6 Concept of Quantization 3.7 Classification of quantization 3.8 Pulse Modulation techniques, definition and waveform: PAM, PWM, PPM
Unit-IV: Waveform Coding & Multiplexing	4a. Describe functions of each block of pulse code modulation (PCM) Transmitter and receiver 4b. Explain delta modulation 4c. Describe slop overload and granular noise 4d. Explain adaptive Delta modulation technique 4e. Explain working of Differential PCM (DPCM) transmitter and receiver 4f. Compare the features of PCM, DM, ADM and DPCM 4g. Explain 4 levels digital multiplexing Hierarchy 4h. Describe TDM frame 4i. Explain PCM-TDM system	4.1 PCM transmitter and receiver 4.2 Advantage, disadvantage and application of PCM 4.3 Block diagram, waveforms, advantage of Delta Modulation 4.4 Disadvantage of DM (slop overload and Granular noise) 4.5 Adaptive Delta Modulation 4.6 Differential PCM 4.7 Comparison between PCM, DM, ADM and DPCM 4.8 Concept of Time division digital multiplexing, TDM frame 4.9 Block diagram of basic PCM-TDM system
Unit-V: Antenna and Wave Propagation	5a. Describe EM wave spectrum, Frequency ranges and its applications	5.1 Electromagnetic (EM) wave spectrum, frequency bands and their applications domain

Note: The UOs need to be formulated at the 'Application Level' and above of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to accelerate the attainment of the COs and the competency.

9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

Unit No.	Unit Title	Teaching Hours	Distribution of Theory Marks			Total Marks
			R Level	U Level	A Level
I	Analog Modulation Techniques	10	6	4	6	16
II	Analog Receivers	6	3	3	4	10
III	Pulse Modulation Techniques & Sampling Theory	10	4	6	4	14
IV	Waveform Coding & Multiplexing	10	8	8	4	20
V	Antenna and Wave Propagation	6	6	3	1	10
Total		42	27	24	19	70

Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom's taxonomy)

Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist student for their learning and to teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test items/questions assess the attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Other than the classroom and laboratory learning, following are the suggested student-related co-curricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the various outcomes in this course: Students should conduct following activities in group and prepare reports of about 5 pages for each activity, also collect/record physical evidences for their (student's) portfolio which will be useful for their placement interviews:

a) Prepare specification of electronic components/ICs used in communication system
b) Give seminar on modulators, demodulators and communication techniques, types and applications
c) Prepare a PPT/animation of various pulse modulation techniques
d) Undertake a survey of different communication methods used in field
e) Prepare chart of radiation pattern of various antenna
f) Prepare the PPT/animations of 3-D radiation pattern and wave propagation of radio waves

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various outcomes in this course:

a) Massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be used to teach various topics/sub-topics
b) In Unit I various equation of AM, FM and PM can be explained without mathematical derivations
c) Guide student(s) in undertaking micro-projects
d) 'L' in section No. 4 means different types of teaching methods that are to be employed by teachers to develop the outcomes
e) About 20% of the topics/sub-topics which are relatively simpler or descriptive in nature is to be given to the students for self-learning, but to be assessed using different assessment methods
f) With respect to section No.11, teachers need to ensure to create opportunities and provisions for co-curricular activities
g) Guide students on how to address issues on environment and sustainability
h) Guide students for using data manuals

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-project is group-based. However, in the fifth and sixth semesters, it should be preferably be individually undertaken to build up the skill and confidence in every student to become problem solver so that s/he contributes to the projects of the industry. In special situations where groups have to be formed for micro-projects, the number of students in the group should not exceed three.

The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-based, laboratory-based or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass two or more COs which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will have to maintain dated work diary consisting of individual contribution in the project work and give a seminar presentation of it before submission. The total duration of the micro-project should not be less than 16 (sixteen) student engagement hours during the course. The student ought to submit micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the industry oriented COs.

A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the COs. Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:

a) Build AM transmitter circuit using transistor/IC
b) Demonstrate AM communication System including AM transmitter and receiver
c) Build FM Transmitter circuit using IC
d) Demonstrate FM communication System including FM transmitter and receiver
e) Build a PAM Modulator using 555/OPAMP
f) Build a PWM Modulator using 555/OPAMP
g) Build a PPM Modulator using 555/OPAMP
h) Demonstrate Analog Communication system on Virtual Lab
i) Visit nearby FM radio station and prepare brief report including Gain, Frequency and Area specifications
j) Prepare Chart on Different Pulse Modulation techniques
k) Prepare Chart on Different line coding techniques
l) Prepare chart for recent trends of antenna applications i.e. PCB mounted miniature antennas, Automobile antennas, Car Keys antennas, Wi-Fi adaptor antennas, LORA antennas, IOT gateways antennas etc.

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

S. No.	Title of Book	Author	Publication with place, year and ISBN
1	Communication Systems (Analog and Digital)	Sanjay Sharma	S K Kataria and Sons, 4th Edition KATSON
2	Electronics Communication System (Fundamental to Advance)	Wayen Tomasi	Pearson Education, 5th edition
3	Analog Communication	V. ChandraSekar	Oxford University Press
4	Electronic Communications Modulation and Transmission	Robert J. Schoenbeck	PHI Learning, 2nd Edition
5	Electronic Communication Systems	George Kennedy and Bernard Davis	Tata McGraw-Hill 5th edition or latest
6	Electronics Communication	Dennis Roddy and John Coolen	Pearson Education 4th Edition
7	Digital Communications	Sanjay Sharma	KATSON Books
8	Antenna and Wave propagation	Prasad, K.D. and Handa, Deepak	Satya Prakashan, New Delhi, 3rd edition or latest

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

a. Analog Communication - NPTEL Course
b. Sampling Signal Reconstruction - IIT Guwahati Virtual Lab
c. Amplitude Modulation - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
d. FM Transmitter - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
e. FM Signal Spectra - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
f. FM Receiver - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
g. SNR Demonstration - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
h. Quantization - ETTi Analog Modulation Lab
i. PAM - Multisim Pulse Amplitude Modulation
j. PWM - Falstad Circuit Simulator
k. PLL FM Modulator - ResearchGate Publication
l. PLL FM Demodulator - Electronics Post Tutorial

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Communication Engineering (Course Code: 1333201) - Semester III
Competency & Course Outcomes	PO 1 Basic & Discipline Specific Knowledge	PO 2 Problem Analysis	PO 3 Design/Development of Solutions	PO 4 Engineering Tools, Experimentation & Testing	PO 5 Engineering Practices for Society, Sustainability & Environment	PO 6 Project Management	PO 7 Life-long Learning
Competency: 'Maintain Electronic Communication Systems'
CO a) Understand various analog modulation methods	3	3	2	2	2	1	3
CO b) Describe different analog receivers	3	1	2	2	2	1	3
CO c) Understand sampling theory and waveforms coding techniques and distinguish various signals	3	2	1	2	2	-	3
CO d) Identify line coding and multiplexing techniques for various applications	2	2	1	2	1	-	2
CO e) Use relevant types of antenna for various applications	2	2	1	1	1	2	2

Legend: '3' for high, '2' for medium, '1' for low or '-' for the relevant correlation of each competency, CO, with PO/PSO

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

GTU Resource Persons

S. No.	Name and Designation	Institute	Contact No.	Email
1	Shri. M.N. Charel, HOD EC Dept.	Government Polytechnic, Ahmedabad	9427057855	manishcharel@yahoo.com
2	Shri. T. P. Chanpura, HOD EC Dept. & BOS-ICT member	GGP, Ahmedabad	9824280515	tchanpura@gmail.com
3	Mr. G.M. Makavana, Lecturer in E.C	GGP Ahmedabad	9898853657	0526mgm@gmail.com